List of human cell types derived from the germ layers
 |
| Part of a series of lists about |
| Human anatomy |
|---|
This is a list of cells in humans derived from the three embryonic germ layers – ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
Cells derived from ectoderm
Surface ectoderm
Skin
Anterior pituitary
Tooth enamel
Neural crest
Peripheral nervous system
Neuroendocrine system
Skin
Teeth
Eyes
Smooth muscle
Neural tube
Central nervous system
- Neuron
- Glia
- Astrocyte
- Ependymocytes
- Müller glia (retina)
- Oligodendrocyte
- Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell
- Pituicyte (posterior pituitary)
Pineal gland
Cells derived from mesoderm
Paraxial mesoderm
- See main article on Paraxial mesoderm.
Mesenchymal stem cell
Osteochondroprogenitor cell
- Bone (Osteoblast → Osteocyte)
- Cartilage (Chondroblast → Chondrocyte)
Myofibroblast
- Fat
- Muscle
- Other
Other
- Digestive system
Intermediate mesoderm
- See main article on Intermediate mesoderm.
Kidney
- Parietal epithelial cell (PEC)
- Podocyte
- Angioblast → Endothelial cell
- Mesangial cell
- Juxtaglomerular cell
- Macula densa cell
- Stromal cell → Interstitial cell → Telocytes
- Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell
- Kidney distal tubule cell
- Connecting tubule cells
- α-intercalated cell
- β-intercalated cell
- Principal cells
Reproductive system
- Sertoli cell
- Leydig cell
- Granulosa cell
- Peg cell
- Germ cells (which migrate here primordially)
Lateral plate mesoderm
- See main article on Lateral plate mesoderm.
Hematopoietic stem cell
Circulatory system
- Endothelial progenitor cell
- Endothelial colony forming cell
- Endothelial stem cell
- Angioblast/Mesoangioblast
- Pericyte
- Mural cell
Body cavities
Axial mesoderm
- See main article on Axial mesoderm.
Notochord
Cells derived from endoderm
Foregut
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Stomach
Intestine
- Intestinal enteroendocrine cells
- Goblet cell
- Brunner's gland cell
- Paneth cell
- Tuft cell
- Enterocyte
Liver and gallbladder
Pancreas
- Exocrine component of pancreas
- Pancreatic ductal cells
- Pancreatic acinar cell
- Centroacinar cell
- Pancreatic stellate cell
- Islets of Langerhans
- Alpha cell
- Beta cell
- PP cell (F cell, gamma cell)
- Delta cell
- Epsilon cell
Pharyngeal pouch
- Thyroid gland
- Parathyroid gland
- Thymus gland
Hindgut/cloaca
- Urothelial cell (renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and urethra)
- Prostate epithelial cell
See also
References
- ^ Patterson, K. D.; Drysdale, T. A.; Krieg, P. A. (January 2000). "Embryonic origins of spleen asymmetry". Development. 127 (1): 167–175. doi:10.1242/dev.127.1.167. ISSN 0950-1991. PMID 10654610.
- ^ Hockman, Dorit; Burns, Alan J; Schlosser, Gerhard; Gates, Keith P; Jevans, Benjamin; Mongera, Alessandro; Fisher, Shannon; Unlu, Gokhan; Knapik, Ela W; Kaufman, Charles K; Mosimann, Christian; Zon, Leonard I; Lancman, Joseph J; Dong, P Duc S; Lickert, Heiko; Tucker, Abigail S; Baker, Clare V H (2017). "Evolution of the hypoxia-sensitive cells involved in amniote respiratory reflexes". eLife. 6: e21231. doi:10.7554/eLife.21231. PMC 5438250. PMID 28387645.
- ^ Nilsson M, Williams D (July 2016). "On the Origin of Cells and Derivation of Thyroid Cancer: C Cell Story Revisited". European Thyroid Journal. 5 (2): 79–93. doi:10.1159/000447333. PMC 4949372. PMID 27493881.