Gnawa

Gnawa
ethnic group, Tariqa
Country of originMorooku Taƴto
Intangible cultural heritage statusRepresentative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity Taƴto
Described at URLhttps://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/01170, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/01170, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/01170 Taƴto
To Gnawi

Gnawaa ( / ɡ ( ə ) ˈnɑːwə / ) (walla Gnaawa, Ganawaa, Ganawi, Gnawi'. ; Arab: گناوة ) ko leñol hoɗngol e nder leydi ndii, Maruk ɓe ngaddanoo maccuɓe ummoraade Saahal hirnaange Afrik.

Daartol Gnawa ina jokkondiri e daartol Laamu Maruk biyeteeɗo "Garde ɓaleejo", e helmere "Gnawa", keewal "Gnawi", ummorii ko e ɗemngal Hawsa .

Jimol Gnawa ngol winndaa ko e hitaande 2019 e nder doggol wakilaaɓe ndonu pinal neɗɗaagu ngu alaa ko woni e mum.

Tariya

Ina sikkaa wonde leñol Gnawa ummorii ko e diiwaan Sahel to Afrik hirnaange, joginooɗo daartol juutngol e jokkondiral njulaagu e politik e Maruk . Gnawa en ko leñol addungol Maruk ngam wonde maccuɓe, iwdi mum en ummorii ko e nokkuuji Afrik hirnaange. Caggal nde maccungaagu mumtaa, ɓe naati e diine suufiyankooɓe to diiwaan Magrib. Nde ɓe njaɓi diina lislaam, Gnawa jokki e mawninde jeyi aadaaji e nder juuldeeji baɗaaɗi ngam waɗde jeyi e kulol. Ndeen dewal wiyetee ko Jedba (Aarabeere).

Fijo e jimɗi

Miijo Gnawa ina hawra e suufiyaŋkaagal lislaam gaadanteewal e aadaaji yimɓe Afrik ko adii gargol lislaam. Konngol yimooɓe Gnawa ina heewi firtude yimɓe waɗooɓe kadi golle diine. Golle sellinde ina njokkondiri no feewi e aadaaji jimɗi Afriknaajo ko adii Lislaam, ganndiraaɗi Bori e nder pinal Hausa en. E nder pinal Marok ɓurngal lollude, Gnawa en, rewrude e kewuuji mum en, ina njiytee ko annduɓe e safrude maagiyaŋkaagal e ñawu nguu e ñawu hakkille. Ɓe cellina ñawuuji e huutoraade kalaaji, natal pinal, uurooje e kulol.

Gnawas ina fija jimɗi luggiɗɗi (trance) hipnotik (trance) ɗi nganndu-ɗaa ko jimɗi ɓutti, ɓuttiɗi, ɗi njimri mum en ina fija e dow luulndo ngo leppi ɓuuɓɗi, ina wiyee sintir walla guembri . Laawol nanndungol e harfeere e nder jimɗi Hawsa en, ko noddaango e jaabawol, fiyngo, e jimɗi biyeteeɗi (keewgol karkaba ). Juuldeeji Gnawa ina kuutoroo jimɗi e jimɗi ngam siftinde seniiɓe taaniraaɓe ɓe mbiyi ina ndokka sellinde.

Gimɗi Gnawa keɓii njeenaari e nder winndere ndee. Musiɗɓe hirnaange heewɓe, ko wayi no Bill Laswell, Brian Jones, Randy Weston, Adam Rudolph, Klaus Doldinger, Tucker Martine, Robert Plant, Jacob Collier e Jimmy Page, ina njiyloo e ina ngollodoo e yimooɓe Gnawa hono banndiraaɓe Mahmuud Guinia e Mokhtar Gania mo Essaouira. , banndiraaɓe Mustafaa Baqbou & Ahmed Baqbou, Abdelkebir Merchane, Brahim Belkani, kamɓe fof ɓe ummorii ko Marakech, e Hamid El Kasri e Abdelkader Amlil ummoriiɓe Rabat e maayɗo Ahmida Boussou e Saïd Oughassal ummoriiɓe Kasablanka, kamɓe fof ɓe tawtoraama mawningol hitaande kala Essa. Won e aadaaji ina njiytoo jokkondiral jamaanu ko barke jillondirɗo, accude walla waylude aadaaji ceniiɗi ngam ɓeydaade waɗde njulaagu. Naalankooɓe winndereyankooɓe winndooɓe ko wayi no Hassan Hakmoun, naatnii jimɗi e jimɗi Gnawa e yimɓe hirnaange rewrude e wideyooji e jimɗi.

Caɗeele jimɗi Gnawa ko Marakech, Tanger, Rabat, Kasablanka, Fes e Essaouira, tawaaɗi e fuɗnaange-rewo Maruk ɗo ñalɗi jimɗi hakkunde leyɗeele Gnaoua waɗetee hitaande kala. Gnawaaɓe Marakech ina mbaɗa juulde mum en hitaande kala e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Moulay Brahim e nder koye Atlas e saraaji Moulay Abdullaah bin Tsain e nder wuro Tamesloht hakkunde Marakech e wuro Amizmiz. Mawningol ngol ina waɗee e ko yowitii e ñalngu nguu Muhammadu jibinaa.

Gnawa en Khamlia ina mbaɗa juulde mum en hitaande kala e lewru ut to wuro Khamlia to Erg Chebbi.

E joofnirde, ina woodi leñol keeriiɗo to Gnawa ina wiyee Ganga. Ganga en ummorii ko Afrik worgo Sahara, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ina kaala ɗemngal Tashelhait, ina tawee e Haha hakkunde Essaouira e Agadir e nder falnde Sous saraaji gure ko wayi no Agadir e Taroudant. Ɓe njimataa guimbri, ɓe mbaɗata tan ko e jimɗi biyeteeɗi kouyou, fiyde krakeb e mbaydiiji mawɗi biyeteeɗi tebel walla ganga, ko ɗum jeyi e ñalɗi gnawa ñalnde kala.

  • Gnaouas from Oran with their guembri.
    Gnaouas ummoriiɓe Oran e gumbri mum en.
  • Gnaoua in a North African Interior
    Gnaoua to Afrik worgo
  • Gnawa from Algiers with his guembri (circa 1906) by Jean Geiser (1848-1923).
    Gnawa ummoriiɗo Alseri e guumbri (hedde 1906) mo Jean Geiser (1848-1923) winndi.
  • Gnawas circa 1920s
    Gnawas ko hedde kitaale 1920
  • Music Teacher
    Jannginoowo jimɗi
  • Gnawa singer in Salé, Morocco.
    Jimoowo Gnawa to Salé, leydi Maruk .
  • Gnawa Musicians, by Harry Humphrey Moore.
    Yimɓe Gnawa, nde Harry Humphrey Moore winndi.
  • A group of Gnawas dance to a song.
    Fedde Gnawas ina yima e jimɗi.

Annduɓe

Janngu ko heewi

  • Bernasek, L e Burger, HS (2008) Miijo! : Nafoore e karallaagal e nder nguurndam berbeer en, Jaaynde Peabody
  • 1996) Imazighen: Pinal rewɓe berbeer en majjuɓe, Thames & Hudson Ltd, Londres, Angalteer
  • El-Gisassi, H. (2006) Ko fayti e Laaruk Mohamed VI, Michel Lafon
  • Ennaji, M (2005) Ɗemɗe keewɗe, maandeeji pinal e jaŋde e nder leydi Maruk, Springer, New York, Amerik
  • Harris, W. (2003) Maruk e Was, Defte Eland, Londres, Angalteer
  • Hart, DM (2000) Leñol e renndo e nder laddeeji Maruk, Bayyinooɓe Frank Cass
  • Kono, M (2005) Maruk: Ƴellitaare Lislaam e caɗeele goɗɗe, Jaaynde Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Oxford, New York, Amerik
  • Hoffman, K. E. (2008) Koɗorɗe renndinde: Ɗemngal, Leñol, e Jinnaaɗo e nder Maruk Berber, Wiley-Blackwell
  • Maxwell, G (2000) Joom en Atlas, Weydenfeld e Nikolson kollitooje
  • Maxwell, G (2002) Jibnaaɓe Atlas: Ummagol e ŋakkeende galle Glaoua 1893-1956, jaaynde Lyons
  • 1995) Laamuuji Ganaa, Mali, e Songhay: Nguurndam e nder Afrik hakkundeejo, Henry Holt e Co. LLC
  • Pennell, CR (2003) Maruk: Gila e laamu haa e jeytaare, Jaayɗe winndere wootere
  • Pennel, CR (2001) Maruk gila 1830: Daartol, Jaaynde NYU, Amerik
  • Porch, D (1983) Haɓre Maruk - Daartol Farayse e njiimaandi koloñaal mawndi cakkitiindi, Hare juutnde ngam heɓtude Laamu hakkundeejo e peeje e doole kaɓirɗe 1903 – 1914, Knopf
  • Porch, D, 2nd Ed (2005) Sindoron Saharaa, Ferraar, Straus e Giroux
  • Rogerson, B & Lavington, S Ko (2004) Marakech winndi, Wuro boɗeejo: Wuro ngo e gite winndooɓe, Defte lewru sickle

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