Exilarch

The exilarch^[a] was the leader of the Jewish community [en] in Persian Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) for most of the time from the Parthians era, Sassanid Empire, and the Abbasid Caliphate, until the Mongol invasion of Baghdad in 1258.

Footnotes

↑ Hebrew: Rosh HaGola (ראש הגולה, 'head of the exile'); Aramaic: (ריש גלותא, Reysh Galuta or Resh Galvata)

Iranian Encyclopedia on Exilarchs under Arab rule
Jewish Virtual Library- Exilarch
Early Babylonian Exilarchate- GOTHOD Archived 2021-07-30 at the Wayback Machine
Revolutionary article by professor M. Gintzler of Yeshivat Chevron: "שלשלת ראשי גולת בבל מחורבן בית ראשון ועד המאה ה־14" in Mekhilta IV Sep 2022 https://www.academia.edu/89141205 Archived 2021-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Hebrew University of Jerusalem

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v t e Exilarchs
Biblical exilarchs	Jeconiah Shealtiel Pedaiah Zerubbabel Meshullam Hananiah Berechiah Hasadiah Jesaiah Obadiah Shemaiah Shecaniah Hezekiah Akkub
Exilarchs in the Sasanian Empire	Ahijah Nahum Johanan Shaphat Huna I Kamma Nathan Ukban I Huna II Nathan Ukban II Nehemiah Mar 'Ukban III Huna III Abba Nathan Mar Kahana I Huna IV Pahda Mar Zutra I Merimar Kahana II Huna V Mar-Zutra II Huna VI Mar Ahunai Kafnai Haninai I Mar Zutra III
Exilarchs under Arab rule	Bostanai Hasdai I Baradoi Haninai II Hasdai II Solomon I Isaac Iskawi I Judah Zakkai I Natronai I Moses Isaac Iskawi II David I Natronai II Judah II Hasdai III Zakkai I Mar Ukban IV David II Josiah Judah III Solomon II Hezekiah I Azariah David III Hezekiah II David IV Hezekiah III David V Hasdai IV Daniel I Zakkai II, Samuel I of Mosul, David VI Daniel II Samuel II Jesse Sar Shalom
Karaite exilarchs	Anan ben David Saul ben Anan Josiah ben Saul Jehoshaphat ben Josiah Boaz ben Jehoshaphat David ben Boaz Solomon ben David Hezekiah ben Solomon Hasdai ben Hezekiah Solomon ben Hasdai