Swastika

An swastika (Sanskrit: स्वस्तिक svastika) nga tigaman, 卐 or 卍, nga yana kaurugan nga nakikilal-an ha Katundan han paggámit hiní han Nazi nga partido,[1] usá nga kahadto nga hulagway nga panrelihiyon ha dirudilain nga Eurasiano nga mga kultura. Gin-gagámit iní nga tigaman hin divino ngan pagka-ispirituhanon ha Indico nga mga relihiyon, upod han Hinduismo, Buddhismo ngan Jainismo.[2][3][4][5][6] Ha kasahiran, an kahimo hiní baga hin kanan krus, nga diin an mga butkon hiní mga mag-angay hin kahalaba ngan perpendikular ha mga magsapit nga mga butkon, ngan tagsa hiní baliko hin rekto nga anggulo.[7][8]

Mga tigaman

Mga pinambasaran

  1. ↑ Jonathan H. X. Lee; Kathleen M. Nadeau (2011). Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife. ABC-CLIO. pp. 86–87. ISBN 978-0-313-35066-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=9BrfLWdeISoC. 
  2. ↑ "Swastika chimney". The Irish Times. 3 March 2007. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 20 May 2011. Ginkuhà 3 October 2010. Check date values in: |access-date=, |date=, |archive-date= (help)
  3. ↑ Вячеслав Лихачев. Нацизм в России. с.5 – about symbolic of neo-nazi party "RNU"
  4. ↑ Багдасаров, Роман. "Свастика: благословение или проклятие". Цена Победы. Echo of Moscow. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 10 July 2012. Ginkuhà 7 April 2010. Check date values in: |access-date=, |archive-date= (help) A 2008 interview with historian Roman Bagdasarov. Bagdasarov states that "for some reason, Russian people think that 'kolovrat' is the ancient name of the swastika. But this is absolutely not the case. [...] According to ethnographic records, when I went on expeditions, and so on, the swastika, for example, was called 'veterok' ['breeze']."
  5. ↑ Багдасаров Р. В. (2002) [2001]. "Русские имена свастики" (in ru) (2nd ed.). Moscow: Белые Альвы. ISBN 978-5-7619-0164-3. http://bagdasarovr.narod.ru/swastika.htm#imena. 
  6. ↑ Concise Armenian Encyclopedia, Yerevan, v. II, p. 663
  7. ↑ "Swastika (Kolovrat) – Historical Roots" (ha Russian). Distedu.ru. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 31 August 2009. Ginkuhà 2 March 2010. Check date values in: |access-date=, |archive-date= (help)
  8. ↑ Vladimir Plakhotnyuk. "Kolovrat – Historical Roots – Collection of articles" (ha Russian). Ruskolan.xpomo.com. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 19 April 2009. Ginkuhà 2 March 2010. Check date values in: |access-date=, |archive-date= (help)
  9. ↑ "Swastika Laundry (1912–1987)". Come here to me!. Comeheretome.wordpress.com. 26 April 2010. Ginkuhà 3 October 2010. Check date values in: |access-date=, |date= (help)
  10. ↑ H.R. Ellis Davidson (1965). Gods and Myths of Northern Europe, p. 83. ISBN 978-0-14-013627-2
  11. ↑ Panama – Native Peoples Ginhipos 2006-06-30 han Wayback Machine, from Flags of the World. Retrieved 20 February 2006.
  12. ↑ "History of the Swastika". Holocaust Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2009. https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007453. 
  13. ↑ Wiener, Richard L.; Richter, Erin (2008). "Symbolic hate: Intention to intimidate, political ideology, and group association". Law and Human Behavior. American Psychological Association. 32 (6): 463–476. doi:10.1007/s10979-007-9119-3. PMID 18030607. Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  14. ↑ "Hungary, hammer and sickle ban declared illegal". ANSA. 27 February 2013. Ginkuhà 12 November 2013. Check date values in: |access-date=, |date= (help)
  15. ↑ Day, Matthew (23 April 2009) "Poland 'to ban' Che Guevara image" The Daily Telegraph
  16. ↑ Ethan McNern. Swastika ban left out of EU's racism law Ginhipos 2011-08-05 han Wayback Machine, The Scotsman, 30 January 2007
  17. ↑ "Prasłowiańskie motywy architektoniczne". 1923. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 11 October 2014. Ginkuhà 19 May 2014. Check date values in: |access-date=, |archive-date= (help)
  18. ↑ Margrethe, Queen, Poul Kjrum, Rikke Agnete Olsen (1990). Oldtidens Ansigt: Faces of the Past, p. 148. ISBN 978-87-7468-274-5
  19. ↑ Art Silverblatt; Nikolai Zlobin (2015). International Communications: A Media Literacy Approach. Routledge. p. 109. ISBN 978-1-317-46760-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=_mfxBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA109. "Buddha's footprints were said to be swastikas." 
  20. ↑ ""Swastika" Etymology". Dictionary.com. Ginkuhà 8 June 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  21. ↑ "Jar with swastika design Majiayao culture, Machang type (Gansu or Qinghai province)" Ginhipos 2014-11-09 han Wayback Machine. Daghlian Collection of Chinese Art
  22. ↑ (ha Tsinino) Bao Jing " “卍”与“卐”漫议 ("卍" "and "卐" Man Yee)". 6Batakan:NbsJanuary 2004, news.xinhuanet.com
  23. ↑ Kathleen M. Nadeau (2010). Lee, Jonathan H. X.. ed. Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife. ABL-CLIO. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-313-35066-5. https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofas00leej. Ginkuhà 21 March 2011. 
  24. ↑ Kobres, Bob. "Comets and the Bronze Age Collapse". Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 8 September 2009. Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  25. ↑ Monier Monier-Williams (1899). A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, s.v. svastika (p. 1283).
  26. ↑ Heinrich Schliemann (1880). Ilios. J. Murray. pp. 347–348. https://books.google.com/books?id=PkoXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA347. 
  27. ↑ Lorraine Boissoneault (6 April 2017), The Man Who Brought the Swastika to Germany, and How the Nazis Stole It, Smithsonian Magazine
  28. ↑ Janis Lander (2013). Spiritual Art and Art Education. Routledge. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-1-134-66789-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=IH5iAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA27. 
  29. ↑ "How the world loved the swastika - until Hitler stole it". BBC News (ha English). 2014-10-23. Ginkuhà 2022-01-11.
  30. ↑ Bruce M. Sullivan (2001). The A to Z of Hinduism. Scarecrow Press. p. 216. ISBN 978-1-4616-7189-3. https://archive.org/details/atozofhinduism2001sull. 
  31. ↑ Adrian Snodgrass (1992). The Symbolism of the Stupa. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 82–83. ISBN 978-81-208-0781-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=nzqK8dDCM0UC&pg=PA82. 
  32. ↑ Cort, John E. (2001). Jains in the World: Religious Values and Ideology in India. Oxford University Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0195132342. https://books.google.com/books?id=PZk-4HOMzsoC. 
  33. ↑ Beer, Robert (2003). The Handbook of Tibetan Buddhist Symbols. Serindia Publications, Inc.. ISBN 978-1932476033. https://books.google.com/books?id=-3804Ud9-4IC. [nakinahanglan han pakli]
  34. ↑ Cite warning: <ref> tag with name britswast cannot be previewed because it is defined outside the current section or not defined at all.
  35. ↑ "The Migration of Symbols Index". sacred-texts.com.
  36. ↑ Press, Cambridge University (2008). Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3125179882. https://books.google.com/books?id=PDHCFSRmjSMC. 
  • Mees, Bernard (2008). The Science of the Swastika. Budapest: Central European University Press. ISBN 9789639776180. 
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