2019冠状病毒病疫情对政治的影响

系列条目索引 |
2019冠状病毒病疫情 |
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2019冠状病毒病疫情影響了國際關係,並影響了多個國家的政治體系,導致立法活動被暫停,多個政客的隔離或死亡,以及由於擔心傳播這種病毒而重新安排了選舉時間。[1]大流行引發了關於政治問題的廣泛辯論,例如不同政治意識型態的相對優勢。[2]
整體
對這種大流行的反應導致政府權力的空前擴張。小政府的擁護者擔心,危機過後,國家將不願放棄這種權力,這在歷史上是經常發生的情況[3]。
民調
有證據表明,大流行在許多國家引起了聚旗效应,意大利(+27個百分點),德國(+11),法國(+11)和英國的政府支持率的上升[4][5][6]。
緊急狀態
至少有84個國家已宣布應對這種大流行進入緊急狀態,導致人們擔心濫用權力[7]。無國界記者組織聲稱,有38個國家限制了新聞自由[7]。 其他例子包括禁止大規模抗議,推遲選舉或在反對派無法有效競選的情況下舉行選舉,有選擇地對政治反對者實施封鎖規則,向政治支持者發放救濟金,或者是指少數民族当替罪羊[8]。 許多國家/地區還推出了用於跟踪聯繫人的大規模監視程序,從而導致人們擔心它們對隱私的影響[9]。
媒體
在COVID-19大流行期間,各種形式的媒體也遭受了巨大損失。[10]一些政府甚至阻止媒體批評他們,這是對言論自由的侵犯;(《世界人權宣言》第19條)。[11] These restrictions allowed media outlets and journalists to be prosecuted and imprisoned more easily, often unfairly and arbitrarily.[12]
國際關係
歐盟
西班牙總理佩德羅·桑切斯表示:“如果我們現在不提議對這場經濟危機採取統一、有力和有效的對策,不僅影響將更加嚴峻,而且影響將持續更長的時間」[13]
關於如何應對這種流行病及其經濟影響的辯論,在北歐和南歐成員國之間拉開了裂痕,讓人聯想起2010年歐洲債務危機的辯論。[14]
美國
3月初,歐盟領導人譴責美國限制從歐洲到美國旅行的決定。[15]
10月2日,湯姆·提利斯(Thom Tillis)參議員宣布他的COVID-19測試呈陽性。
國內政治
中華人民共和國
在中國,中共中央總書記習近平領導的黨政機關在2022年底前一直推行清零政策及實行長期的嚴格封控應對新冠疫情[16],在2022年下半年已經出現北京四通橋抗議、鄭州富士康抗議和廣州市海珠區抗議等民間反抗,部分地區也出現被封控小區的居民強行拆除封控設施的情況。2022年10月中共二十大召開時,習近平在二十大報告中提出堅持「動態清零不動搖」[17]。在2022年11月24日的烏魯木齊火災後,全國各地爆發了「白紙運動」,甚至有集會群眾將矛頭指向習近平,一度喊出「習近平下台」的口號[18]。最終國務院聯防聯控機制在2022年12月7日公布了「新十條」,取消強制集中隔離,持續近三年的清零政策宣告結束[19][20][21]。
選舉
美國
僅以2020年美國總統選舉為例,許多州因嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎疫情放鬆郵寄投票限制,使得此次選舉創下提早投票和郵寄選票數量的記錄。但卻造成部分搖擺州因為州分部分由共和黨改為民主黨,其中喬治亞州還涉嫌作票爭議,進而造成一連串針對選舉的抗議活動甚至示威者暴力冲击國會大廈。
前總統特朗普成為首位在2019冠状病毒病疫情下,因「抗疫不力」而競選落敗的國家領導人,其後日本首相菅義偉因同樣理由放棄競逐連任,馬來西亞首相慕尤丁更因疫情觸發民怨,黯然辭職落台,結束短短17個月的執政,成了馬國「最短命政府」。
政治人物影響
相關確診人物
議會
確診人士 病故人士
註記
- ^ 蘇珊·麥克唐納,昆士蘭參議員
安德魯·布拉格,新南威爾斯參議員
雷克斯·帕特里克,南澳大利亞參議員 - ^ 彼德·達頓,迪克森議員
- ^ Davi Alcolumbre, President of the Federal Senate, 阿馬帕州联邦参议院
- ^ Kamal Khera, MP for Brampton West
- ^ Manuel José Ossandón
Jorge Pizarro
José García Ruminot - ^ Marcela Sabat
- ^ 让-吕克·赖策
Elisabeth Toutut-Picard
Guillaume Vuilletet
Sylvie Tolmont - ^ 阿里·拉里贾尼, Speaker
马哈茂德·萨德吉
穆杰塔巴·宗努尔
Masoumeh Aghapour Alishahi
Zohreh Elahian - ^ 法蒂玛·拉赫巴尔
穆罕默德·阿里·拉马扎尼·达斯塔克 - ^ Yaakov Litzman
Sami Abu Shehadeh - ^ Pierpaolo Sileri
- ^ Anna Ascani
Diego Binelli
Edmondo Cirielli
Chiara Gribaudo
Luca Lotti
Claudio Pedrazzini - ^ Abdelkader Aamara, MP for Salé
- ^ 黄灵彪
俞利文
Rubiah Wang - ^ Jerip Susil (Mabong)
- ^ Juan Miguel Zubiri
Koko Pimentel
Sonny Angara - ^ Henry Villarica
- ^ Leonid Kalashnikov, Dmitry Novikov, Svetlana Maximova, Oksana Pushkina and two unnamed MPs
- ^ Lyudmila Stebenkova and Yevgeny Stupin
- ^ Ivan N. Zhukov
- ^ Sergey Bebenin
- ^ Javier Ortega Smith
圣地亚哥·阿瓦斯卡尔
Macarena Olona
Beatriz Jiménez - ^ Martha Mmola
- ^ Hendrietta Bogopane-Zulu
Cedric Frolick
Inkosi Holomisa
Collen Malatji
Gwede Mantashe
Simphiwe Mbatha
Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula
Kenneth Meshoe
Thulas Nxesi
Ebrahim Patel
Zamuxolo Peter
Steven Swart - ^ Mlungisi Mvoko
Nomakhosazana Meth - ^ Tate Makgoe
Thembeni Nxangisa - ^ David Makhura
Tasneem Motara - ^ Ricardo Mthembu
Mbali Ntuli - ^ Gillion Mashego
- ^ Gordon Kegakilwe
Job Mokgoro - ^ Gladys Bakubaku-Vos
Alan Winde - ^ Serhii Shakhov
- ^ 兰德·保罗, 參議員 from 肯塔基州
- ^ 馬里奧·迪亞斯-巴拉特, Florida 25
本·麥克亞當斯, Utah 4
Joe Cunningham, South Carolina 1
麥克·凱利, Pennsylvania 16
摩甘·格里菲斯, Virginia 9
路易·戈莫特, Texas 1 - ^ Kimberly Jean-Pierre, District 11
Helene Weinstein, District 41
Charles Barron, District 60 - ^ Matthew Gambill, District 15
- ^ Brandon Beach, District 21
Kay Kirkpatrick, District 32
Nikema Williams, District 39
Lester Jackson, District 2
Bruce Thompson, District 14 - ^ David Bowen, District 10
- ^ Jane Garibay, District 60
- ^ Jim Smallwood, District 4
- ^ Dafna Michaelson Jenet, District 30
- ^ Clarence Nishihara, District 17
- ^ Reggie Bagala, District 54
- ^ Clinton Calabrese, District 36
- ^ Paul Rosino, District 45
- ^ Jason Lowe, District 97
- ^ Joe Runions, District 37
- ^ Tyrone Carter, District 6
Karen Whitsett, District 9 - ^ Isaac Robinson, District 4
- ^ Bob Glanzer, District 22
- ^ Michael Day, District 31
- ^ Lord Gordon of Strathblane
- ^
娜汀·多里斯,中貝德福德郡議員
Kate Osborne,賈羅議員
Lloyd Russell-Moyle, 布萊頓肯普敦MP
鲍里斯·约翰逊,阿克斯布里奇和南賴斯利普
马修·汉考克,西薩福克MP
阿利斯特·杰克,鄧弗里斯和加洛韋MP
Tony Lloyd, for 羅奇代爾MP
行政官員
國家 | 國家官員 | 地方官員 |
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尼科爾·帕希尼揚,亞美尼亞總理 | |
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彼德·達頓,Minister for Home Affairs | |
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雅伊爾·博索納羅,巴西总统 Bento Albuquerque,Ministry of Mines and Energy Augusto Heleno,Secretary of Institutional Security |
Nestor Forster,Ambassador of Brazil to the United States |
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珍妮·艾尼茲,玻利维亚总统 (代理) | |
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Oumarou Idani,Minister of Mines and Quarries 斯坦尼斯拉斯·瓦罗,Minister of National Education,Literacy and Promotion of National Languages Siméon Sawadogo,Minister of State,Territorial Administration,Decentralization and Social Cohesion 阿尔法·巴里,Minister of Foreign Affairs |
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皮埃尔·恩库伦齐扎,President of Burundi | |
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Alfredo Moreno,Ministry of Public Works | Víctor Manoli, Intendant of 阿劳卡尼亚大区 |
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弗蘭克·里斯特,文化部長 Brune Poirson,Secretary of State for the Ecological and Inclusive Transition |
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Budi Karya Sumadi,Minister of Transportation | Bima Arya Sugiarto,茂物 |
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埃沙格·贾汉吉里, 伊朗副總統 玛苏梅·埃卜特卡尔, Vice President for Women and Family Affairs 阿里·阿斯加尔·穆尼桑, Minister of Cultural Heritage 雷扎·拉哈马尼, Minister of Industry, Mine and Trade |
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Yaakov Litzman, Minister of Health | Jeremy Issacharoff, Ambassador of Israel to Germany |
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Marta Cartabia, President of the Constitutional Court of Italy | 尼古拉·津加雷蒂,拉齐奥主席 阿尔贝托·奇里奥, President of 皮埃蒙特 Fulvio Centoz, Mayor of 奥斯塔 Gianluca Galimberti, Mayor of 克雷莫納 Alessandro Tambellini, Mayor of 卢卡 Patrizia Barbieri, Mayor of 皮亚琴察 |
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Omar Fayad, Governor of Hidalgo Francisco Domínguez Servién, Governor of Querétaro Adán Augusto López Hernández, Governor of Tabasco Silvia Guillermina Roldán Fernández, Secretary of Health, 塔巴斯科州 | |
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Abdelkader Aamara, Minister of Equipment, Transport and Logistics | |
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阿尔贝二世, Prince of Monaco | |
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Abba Kyari,Chief of Staff to the President | |
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Torbjørn Røe Isaksen,Minister of Labour and Social Inclusion | |
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Eduardo Año, Secretary of the Interior and Local Government Leonor Briones, Secretary of Education Mark Villar, Secretary of Public Works and Highways[34] |
Rebecca Ynares, Governor of Rizal Ferdinand Estrella, Mayor of 描里瓦 Philip Caesar Crispino, Mayor of Caba Junard Chan, Mayor of 拉普拉普市[35] Bernardita Catalla, Ambassador of the Philippines to Lebanon[36] Joy Belmonte, Mayor of Quezon City[37] |
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Michał Woś, Minister of Environment 雅罗斯瓦夫·米卡, 波蘭將軍 |
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米哈伊尔·米舒斯京, 俄罗斯总理 Vladimir Yakushev, Minister of Construction and Housing Olga Lyubimova, 俄羅斯聯邦文化部 Valery Falkov, Minister of Science and Higher Education Dmitry Peskov, Kremlin Press Secretary |
Alexander Drozdenko, Governor of Leningrad Oblast[38] 绍尔班·卡拉乌尔, Head of the Republic of Tuva[39] |
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Hendrietta Bogopane-Zulu, Deputy Minister of Social Development Inkosi Holomisa, Deputy Minister of Justice and Correctional Services Gwede Mantashe, Minister of Mineral Resources and Energy Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula, Minister of Defence and Military Veterans Thulas Nxesi, Minister of Employment and Labour Ebrahim Patel, Minister of Trade and Industry |
Job Mokgoro, 西北省省長 Alan Winde, 西開普省省長 David Makhura, 豪登省省長 Tasneem Motara, Gauteng MEC for Infrastructure Development Mlungisi Mvoko, Eastern Cape MEC for Finance, Economic Development and Environmental Affairs Gordon Kegakilwe, North West MEC for Cooperative Governance, Human Settlement and Traditional Affairs Alfred Mtsi, Speaker of the Buffalo City council and former mayor Gillion Mashego, Mpumalanga MEC for Public Works Nomakhosazana Meth, Eastern Cape MEC for Rural Development and Agrarian Reform Thembeni Nxangisa, Free State MEC for Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs Tate Makgoe, Free State MEC for Education |
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卡门·卡尔沃, 第一西班牙副首相 伊雷内·蒙特罗, Minister of Equality 卡罗琳娜·达里亚斯, Minister for Territorial Administrations |
奎姆·托拉, 加泰隆尼亞政府主席 Pere Aragonès, Vice President of Catalonia 伊莎贝尔·迪亚斯·阿尤索, President of the Community of Madrid |
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唐納·川普, 美国总统 梅蘭妮亞·川普, 美国第一夫人 |
Brenda Jones, President of the Detroit City Council Kevin Stitt, 28th Governor of Oklahoma Francis X. Suarez, 迈阿密市長 |
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鲍里斯·约翰逊, 英国首相 查爾斯, 威爾士親王 马修·汉考克, 卫生大臣 娜汀·多里斯,Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State 阿利斯特·杰克, 蘇格蘭事務大臣 |
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Diosdado Cabello,Constituent Assembly President
Tareck El Aissami,Minister of Petroleum |
Omar Prieto,Governor of Zulia |
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David Beasley,Executive Director of the 世界糧食計劃署 | |
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米歇爾·巴尼耶,Head of the UK Task Force | |
來源:[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][29][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] |
註記
另見
- List of COVID-19 pandemic legislation
- 受2019冠状病毒病疫情影响的事件列表
- 2019冠狀病毒病疫情對宗教的影響
- 2019冠狀病毒病疫情對宗教的影響
- 2019冠状病毒病疫情对科学与技术的影响
- 2019冠状病毒病疫情对电视业的影响
- 对2019冠狀病毒病疫情应对措施的抗议活动
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lapulapumayor
的<ref>
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- ^ Глава Тувы заразился коронавирусом. РИА Новости. 29 May 2020 [25 May 2020]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-27).
- ^ 引证警告:name(名称)为
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